Aquabio Optimizes Industrial Water Treatment

Industrial Water Treatment

Aquabio is a specialist company dedicated to designing and building anaerobic industrial water treatment plants. With a focus on effluent from various industries like dairies, farms, distilleries, and manufacturing plants, they offer comprehensive solutions including design, installation, management, and calculation of treatment systems. They don’t operate plants but are involved in project management, commissioning, and testing. Based in Worcestershire, UK, with about 35 employees, they have completed 20-30 projects across the country. Key personnel like Alex Meredith contribute to plant design, tendering, and pricing, ensuring thorough verification before construction. As SimScale users, their focus includes bio-reactor tanks and mixing tanks, particularly in modeling incompressible fluids and branching out to thermal analysis. They handle large plants with typical flows of 200 m³/h, maintaining high standards of compliance.

Previously we were outsourcing CFD simulations to consulting firms which was taking a lot of time and cost from our projects. With SimScale we’ve brought simulation in-house and have been able to do this with the excellent support from SimScale. I can now use engineering simulation at a much earlier stage of the project including bidding for tenders.

Alex Meredith

Engineer at Aquabio

Optimizing the Design of Anaerobic Reactor Mixing

Alex and his team used SimScale to design the mixing tanks of an industrial anaerobic reactor for one of the largest dairy processing units in the UK. The mixing efficiency has a large impact on overall plant performance and hence efficiency. The tank in question was an as-built design for the 27.3 m diameter Anaerobic Reactor Tank. The objectives of the CFD study were to confirm that the contents of the reactor tank would be completely mixed, for both low capacity (9 m) and full capacity (11.5 m) fluid levels, specifically:

To assess the mixing rate of the biomass inside the 27.3 m diameter anaerobic reactor at different heights of the tank.
To make sure the biomass mixes sufficiently during low both capacity (9 m) and full capacity (11.5 m) scenarios.
To evaluate if the two-pump tank can operate effectively with one pump.

The low-capacity anaerobic reactor tank was modeled as a cylinder of 27.3 m in diameter and a height of 9 m. The full-capacity anaerobic reactor tank was modeled as a cylinder of 27.3 m in diameter and a height of 11.5 m. Two banks of six angled mixing nozzles with 50 mm diameter outlets were evenly spaced around the tank. The first bank is located 2.3 m from the base of the tank, and the second bank is 7.9 m from the base of the tank. Two of the lower bank nozzles protruded 6.2 m into the tank to aid low-level mixing towards the center of the tank.

The full-size anaerobic reactor tank under investigation.

CAD image of the reactor tank showing nozzles and pipes.

The total volumetric flow rate of fluid coming out of the two banks of 6 mixing nozzles was 1,600 m3/hour, which equates to 0.037037 m3/sec per nozzle. The flow into each of the two suction pipes was 800 m3/hour, or 0.22222 m3/sec per pipe.

cfd simulation of reactor tank mixing — CFD simulation of reactor tank mixing for use in an anaerobic industrial water treatment plant.

The following images show a comparison of the two tank sizes illustrating mixing efficacy at various tank heights. Large amounts of red, orange, and yellow indicate that the fluid is mixing at a good rate. Large amounts of green and light blue indicate that the fluid is mixing slowly. The dark blue areas represent stagnant fluid. Overall mixing quality is assessed by analyzing screenshots taken of slices cut through the tank in SimScale (see images). The left images are the results of the simulation of the tank at low capacity (9 m water level). The right images are the results of the simulation of the tank at full capacity (11.5 m water level).

simulation of fluid mixing at the base of the tank for low capacity at height z = 0.1 m — Screenshots of fluid mixing at the base of the tank (height z = 0.1 m) for low capacity (9 m) tank (left) and full capacity (11.5 m) tank (right).

simulation of fluid mixing at the base of the tank for full capacity at height z = 0.1 m — Screenshots of fluid mixing at the base of the tank (height z = 0.1 m) for low capacity (9 m) tank (left) and full capacity (11.5 m) tank (right).

simulation of fluid mixing at the base of the tank for low capacity at height z = 1 m — Screenshots of fluid mixing at the base of the tank (height z = 1 m) for low capacity (9 m) tank (left) and full capacity (11.5 m) tank (right).

simulation of fluid mixing at the base of the tank for full capacity at height z = 1 m — Screenshots of fluid mixing at the base of the tank (height z = 1 m) for low capacity (9 m) tank (left) and full capacity (11.5 m) tank (right).

simulation of fluid mixing at the base of the tank for low capacity at height z = 5 m — Screenshots of fluid mixing at the base of the tank (height z = 5 m) for low capacity (9 m) tank (left) and full capacity (11.5 m) tank (right).

simulation of fluid mixing at the base of the tank for full capacity at height z = 5 m — Screenshots of fluid mixing at the base of the tank (height z = 5 m) for low capacity (9 m) tank (left) and full capacity (11.5 m) tank (right).

simulation of fluid mixing at the base of the tank for low capacity at height z = 9 m — Screenshots of fluid mixing at the base of the tank (height z = 9 m) for low capacity (9 m) tank (left) and full capacity (11.5 m) tank (right).

simulation of fluid mixing at the base of the tank for full capacity at height z = 9 m — Screenshots of fluid mixing at the base of the tank (height z = 9 m) for low capacity (9 m) tank (left) and full capacity (11.5 m) tank (right).

As well as comparing the mixing of the two tank sizes, the client also wanted to know how mixing efficacy would be impacted with just one mixing pump operating. The results from these simulations show that the anaerobic reactor tank still mixes sufficiently with only a single pump, and therefore 6 mixing nozzles, in operation. The screenshots of slices taken at different heights of the tank show good mixing levels throughout the whole of the tank when operating at low capacity.

simulation of fluid mixing at the base of the tank for low capacity at height z = 9 m with both pumps activated — Screenshots of fluid mixing at a tank height of z = 9 m showing the low capacity (9 m) with both pumps activated (left) and only one pump (right).

simulation of fluid mixing at the base of the tank for low capacity at height z = 9 m with one pump activated — Screenshots of fluid mixing at a tank height of z = 9 m showing the low capacity (9 m) with both pumps activated (left) and only one pump (right).

Summary

For the low capacity (9 m) simulation, the tank was well mixed at all depths. Only a few small areas of dark blue can be seen indicating fluid velocity. For the full capacity (11.5 m) simulation, the tank was well mixed at most depths. However, at the top levels of the tank between z = 10 m and z = 11.5 m, the fluid is mixing at a reduced rate as expected. The model did not account for mixing induced by air bubbles that are entrained into the system from the aeration nozzles. This means that real-world mixing will be better than the SimScale model, particularly high up in the tank. Reassuringly, the results from simulations align with design experience from past projects, estimating that the fluid in the tank is sufficiently mixed.

alex meredith taking pressure measurements on filtration membranes — Alex Meredith, Graduate Engineer at Aquabio taking pressure measurements on filtration membranes. A mechanical engineering graduate of Swansea University (UK), Alex’s work includes design work on water treatment plants using CFD (SimScale).

One of the key benefits of having SimScale in-house is risk mitigation on our projects. In the past, we built and installed plants, and during the operation phase, we had issues of reactor tank mixing efficacy which lowered the overall efficiency and hence ROI of the plant. Mitigation was a huge cost that could take weeks of work to rectify. We can now confidently test various designs and operating modes at the simulation stage before we build anything.

Alex Meredith

Engineer at Aquabio

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Aquabio Optimizes Industrial Water Treatment Using SimScale

Industrial Water Treatment

Optimizing the Design of Anaerobic Reactor Mixing

Summary

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